Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - 3277 Words

A ninety-two year old Caucasian male was brought to the emergency room by his son. Patient was admitted to the hospital with a chief complaint of difficulty breathing; diagnosis includes congestive heart failure exacerbation (CHF) with pneumonia (PNA). He has a full code status. Past medical history includes congestive heart failure, COPD, peptic ulcer, chronic kidney disease stage 3, anemia, and hypernatremia. Patient is a widower who lives with son and consumes no alcohol or illicit drugs, he has is an ex-smoker with a 70 pack year history. Patient is a retired mechanic with no family medical history on file; it is suspected that father had heart issues. He has no known allergies although is contraindicated to take aspirin due to GI bleeding. Upon physical examination the patient looked well-nourished and in relatively good spirits. He exclaimed his â€Å"chest is heavy and hurts.† His vitals showed a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute, his tachypnea is possibly due to his exacerbation of congestive heart failure and/or pneumonia. Heart rate of 75 beats per minute is within normal limits of 60-100 beats per minute. Blood pressure of 130/86 suggesting prehypertension and/or a result of discomfort from CHF and/or pneumonia. Temperature of 96.8  °F showing the patient is afebrile. SpOâ‚‚ was 92% on room air which is within normal limits of an individual who has COPD. Physical inspection showed his skin was warm and dry. Pedal edema was detected possibly due toShow MoreRelatedChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease1140 Words   |  5 PagesChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, also known as COPD, is defined as a progressive, chronic lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe by limiting airfl ow and it is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airway and shortness of breath and wheezing. BOOK/FAM PRAC â€Å"Progressive† means that the disease gets worse over time. â€Å"COPD is one of the important diseases that lead to restrictions, disability, and an increase in mortality rates among elder population† [4,5].TURK STUDY QUOTE TheRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease1789 Words   |  8 PagesChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease also known as COPD, is one of the third leading cause of death in the United States (National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [NHLBI], 2013a). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2015) approximately 15 million Americans are affected by COPD, with a morbidity rate of 6.8 million. Data from the CDC from 2011 states that 6.3% of the U.S population suffer from this disease; Florida has the COPD prevalence rate of 7.1% with the highestRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease820 Words   |  4 Pagesof mortality worldwide, COPD or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is reported to account for more than three million deaths per year 1 and is estimated to rank fifth in disease burden in 20202. The Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines updated their definition of COPD in 2006 as â€Å"a preventable and treatable disease with some significant extra-pulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in individual patients. Its pulmonary component is characterised by airflowRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease1269 Words   |  6 PagesGlycopyrronium- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Introduction The critical appraisal of a research article is a method of examining its validity, value and relevance to study. This assignment will focus on critically appraising a research article which evaluated the safety and efficacy of a drug (Glycopyrronium) used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, against a second drug (Tiotropium) used in the treatment of the same condition. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the nameRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease1509 Words   |  7 PagesBobby Muniz 12/5/15 A block Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Introduction Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a disease that effects the respiratory system. It is a progressive disease, which means the get gets worse as time passes (What Is COPD?). Although their are different types of COPD, the common similarity in the disease is increasing breathlessness. The main symptoms are increasing of breathlessness, frequent coughing, wheezing and tightness in the chest. One major issue isRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease1127 Words   |  5 PagesCHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE Have you ever known a person who smokes and has a hard time doing every day activities, due to difficulty of breath, or constantly coughing. He or she may have Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD. COPD is a progressive and treatable lung disease that causes shortness of breath due to obstruction of air way (COPD, 2013). Progressive means that is gradually gets worse over time. It is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema (Causes,2014)Read MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease661 Words   |  3 Pagesour older population. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease represents a group of diseases that affect the respiratory system. These diseases are Asthma, Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema. Older persons who have asthma often develop other complications that will affect other body systems such as the cardiac system because asthma adds additional stress on the cardiac muscles since the heart is working harder and faster in an attempt to maintain the proper gas exchanges. Chronic Bronchitis causes coughRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesChronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, is a major contributing factor of worldwide deaths (Olendorf, 1999). What causes it to be a main factor of worldwide deaths? The objective of this paper is to address the disease COPD and to evaluate research studies related to this disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affects nearly sixteen million people in the United States alone (Olendorf, 1999). It is also a wide-ranging name for additional correlatedRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd )1166 Words   |  5 PagesChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is moving to the forefront of public health problems. It is projected to rank third in mortality rates by 2020.6 COPD is a lung disease that is treatable and preventative.6 The patient has toxic particles or gases that cause an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and lungs as well as progressive airflow limitation.5 Other causes for COPD include emphysema, chronic bronchitis, chronic asthma, and some forms of bronchiectasis.6 OccupationRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd ) Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of gradual, incapacitating respiratory conditions, which include emphysema and chronic bro nchitis. It is generally characterized by reduced breathing capacity, airflow restriction in the lungs, a persistent cough, and other various symptoms. COPD is notoriously associated with a history of cigarette smoking and has become the number one contributor to mortality in chronic disease of the lower respiratory tract. It is also defined as a preventable

The Cell Phone Usage Between Partners - 1679 Words

Generally speaking, if there is an unbalance in cell phone usage between partners someone is bound to feel ignored. Engaging in technology separate to a partner encourages a disconnection rather than a connection. (Bilton, 2014) Also stated by Bilton, disconnection in relationships leads to feelings of dissatisfaction and compromises any sense of safety, attachment and control. Privacy, Trust, and Freedom seem to be essential terms revolving around the topic of relationship satisfaction. â€Å"Partners are more satisfied if they do not have rules prohibiting them from checking one another’s call and text logs† (Miller-Ott, Kelly, Duran, 2012). Considering the idea of trust basically being thrown out the window here, I find it very interesting that this was the conclusion made from the results of the study. Insecurity and jealousy are likely the motifs for this increase in satisfaction, having full access to their partner’s phone nullifies those traits. This is understandable because â€Å"Problems may arise when the cell phone is used inappropriately† (Miller-Ott et al., 2012). For example, texting a member of the opposite sex. If a partner has given the other a reason to lose trust this can easily separate the two and cause arguments. Miller-Ott et al. state that cell phones provide a certain freedom that allows for uncertainty to go unspoken. This explains why couples find it much simpler to set boundaries, letting their partner know what they think is acceptable and what is not.Show MoreRelatedLong Distance Relationship1431 Words   |  6 PagesRelational Maintenance? A long distance relationship is very challenging for college students to maintain without face to face interactions. The influences that media usage has on maintaining long distance relationships is a big part of communication. This research is going to examine the types of communication methods between long distance couples and then to determine which type is most suitable for a healthy and stable relationship. . How does Media communication help individuals maintain theirRead MoreReview Of Couples, The Internet, And Social Media Essay1035 Words   |  5 PagesThe research was conducted to understand correlations between couples, a somewhat broadly defined category, and their interactions with the Internet and social media. Paramount findings of the study include that young adults’ relationships are more likely to be impacted by their media use and that older or long-term couples (of ten years or more) are impacted differently or less. 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Researchers have examined inter-racial romantic relationships (Chory-Assad Booth-Butterfield, 2001; Harris Trego, 2008; Rubenfeld Clà ©ment, 2012), relational maintenance strategies (Ayres,1983; Goodboy Bolkan, 2011), and computer mediated communication (Walther, Deandrea, Tong, 2010). However, few scholars (Brody, Mooney, Westerman, McDonald, 2009) examined cell phone usage as a relational maintenance tool inRead MoreThe Application / Device / Product1112 Words   |  5 Pagesdistance relationship applications such as Between and Couple that have narrow focuses on how to strengthen relationships, Tandem introduces a wide variety of features. Tandem includes functions that are nonexistent on other similar applications. This application consists of every feature one could possibly want to bolster a l ong distance relationship, all in one location. The first feature Tandem offers is a calendar component. 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An example of an uncommon relationship was between Captain Kate Hazeltine and Holden. Although they didn’t share an intimate relationship, they showed affectionate ways of communicating with each other on the plane. Captain Kate Hazeltine had met Holden on a fourteen

Introduction to Management Shareholder Portfolio

Question: Describe about the Introduction to Management for Shareholder Portfolio. Answer: Introduction The National Australia Bank (NAB) is considered that is one of the four largestfinancial institutions in Australia. This organization has the annual net income of $13,982 million in the year, which was $13,415 million in the previous year (Nab.com.au, 2016). Their business is growing for their effective business strategy and the target for fulfilling the user's demand. Moutinho (2016, pp. 515-549) also portrays that to maximize their shareholder value; they strictly act on their portfolio. They also track down all their business proceedings so that they can improve their current approach for better productivity and profitability. In this business report, the mission and vision statement of the National Australia Bank will be provided along with their past and present business strategy that is beneficial for this retail industry. Furthermore, the internal environment and external environment analysis will be discussed which is followed by the organizational culture adopts and an overall conclusion of the entire discussion will be the ending note for this business report. Discussion Organization Strategy Mission and vision of the National Australia Bank The National Australia Bank (NAB) values their strategy for fulfilling the passion of their customers by putting themselves in the place of the customers (Nab.com.au, 2016). They also have respect for the people and encouraging an inclusive culture along with the ability to provide sound decisions to their clients, individuals and communities. The concerned organization has the vision to expand their business and provide financial guidance to customers across the globe (Nab.com.au, 2016). Laby (2013, p.561) depicts that this objective can be obtained by collaborating with colleagues across the business for attaining maximum profitability. Competitive advantage National Australian Bank follows their basic trait for valuing their customers before any other stakeholders and this provides them the competitive advantage compared to other financial institutes. They also provide the most favorable decision to their clients so that their money can be invested in the best way (Murray, 2014). Moreover, this organization also emphasizes on their workplace relation, performance and remuneration along with the workplace health, safety and wellbeing. Past strategies and current Strategies In conventional days, they just focus on the community of Australia and provide them financial help to meet their requirements. The traditional manual approach is used for maintaining all the official details and focuses on better financial growth in the public sector. In recent times, they also emphasize on the financial solution that can help them to invest their money in a correct way. Kaal and Painter (2012, pp.12-12) depicts that they also improve their strategies towards the modern digital and information technology for the advancement of their business which leads them to the 21st largest bank in the worldregarding the market capitalization and regarding a total number of owned assets they ranked 41st largest bank in the worldin 2014 (Nab.com.au., 2016). They also focus on the corporate responsibility so that a positive and sustainable impact on their loyal stakeholders and the environment. Criticism of the National Australian Bank Scandal for FOREX Scherbina et al. (2013, pp.233-243) depicts that in the year 2004 the National Australian Bank had lost AU$360 million for the reason of foreign currency trading. The bank had revealed the reason for increased reliance on speculation and high-risk business procedure. After an investigation by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority, it is found that this problem arises as many people are wrongly designated in a higher position and they are responsible for the misinterpretation of the actual profit. In this situation, experts have highlighted two criticisms towards the organization- the workplace culture has to be changed and they have insufficient risk management policies and inadequate control mechanisms (Moscardo et al. 2013). It is also found that in order to attain better profitability and productivity at the same time they traded at a greater level beyond their official risk caps. As a result, the calculation of Value at Risk (VaR) formula for evaluating the exchange opti on financial exposure shows the value of $3.25 million. However, the calculation represented that the loss was worth of AU$360 dollars which were 110 times the maximum VaR. Daly and Gebremedhin (2015, pp.128-138) also researched and highlights the fact that in September 1999 the average VaR was $3 million, which increased to $20 million in the next year. Overcharging from customer and tax avoidance in Ireland Boehm (2012, p.249) illustrated that most of the organization possess the tendency to avoid tax so that maximum profitability can be obtained. The National Banks of Australia not only avoid the tax payments but they also have overcharged interest rate from their Irish customers from their subsidiary National Irish Bank. This subsidiary was inaugurated as a foundation of trust but this action proves that there is a breach of trust among their valuable customers. Their action can prove this unethical consideration that they have revealed their write down value to be $450 million in the year 2001, which increased to $1.75 billion in the following year (Demirer et al. 2015, pp.236-255). This results in the investigation of their business approach and it is found that they have implemented incorrect interest rate assumption from their customers. Environment analysis General Environments (PESTEL) analysis Factors Analysis of the factors Political Factors Among the other entire sector, banking sectors are mostly affected by the political factor. Political ideologies, political stabilities and policies of respective country influences the n-business condition of the bank and the stable condition of Australia helps the National Australian Bank for making a global reach. Thus, their risk for business loss is less significant compared to any other organization in Australia. Supported by the legislation Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement (ANZCERTA), NAB enjoys trading with their partner countries like New Zealand and UK and Asia (Zeller and Cole 2014, pp.236-255). Economic Factors The economic factor affects the business procedure of an organization. Doyle et al. (2014) defines the economic factors like recession, unemployment, the financial crisis of the nation. The financial crisis of 2008, the concerned organization grows their business with the support of their investors and governing authorities. The GDP per capita of Australia is $43654.58 that ranked number 10 by the International Monetary Fund which ensures the growth of this banking industry (Tradingeconomics.com, 2016). Social Factors Lifestyle preferences, the level of education in the society, values and cultures of the people and the green initiatives define the social factors that can affect the profitability if the National Australian Bank (Turner 2014, p.158). In recent times, the organization takes initiatives for green technology by using eco-friendly products and implementing digital technology so that the natural resource products like paper can be avoided largely. This organization is also associated with the voluntary organizational like the education institutions so that they can work for the betterment of the society and the needy people. This not only enhances their corporate social responsibility but it also improves their popularity in the community. Technological Factor Implementation of modern technology provides competitive advantage and banking sector have a direct impact on the long-term sustainability of this new technology (Morris, 2012). Telebanking, Remote Banking and Electronic Banking are some of the technological advances that can make their business procedure easy so that the business objective can be accomplished hassle free. Moreover, POS devices can also be used for making the transaction faster. Environmental Factors Increasing concern for the environment is an obligation for every organization and NAB is not an exception thus they have to adopt environment-friendly business practices. (Epstein and Buhovac, 2014) argued that the NAB is facing several criticisms for providing financial help to environment-friendly business practices. Thus, they are not taking initiatives for identifying an ethical organization that fulfills the in credit approval process. In order to accomplish the same, they have developed environmental issues policy to overcome environmental risk. Legal Factors The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) is the authority bodies in Australia that are responsible for monitoring the financial institute in Australia (APRA Authority, 2013). The concerned organization also has to follow the financial legislation formulated by the Reserve Bank of Australia (Costa, 2014, p.16). In this way, they can avoid the unscrupulous business practices that are responsible for the breaching the protections of rights of customers. Moreover, they also follow the privacy law, where according to Privacy Act 1988(Privacy Act)no personal details of the customers will be revealed to anonymous person (Privacy Act 2016) Table 1: PESTEL Analysis (Source: Created by Author) Specific Environments analysis Factors Analysis of the factors Customers Across the Australia, New Zealand and UK. They are taking initiatives to target the Asian counties and their people also. Partners National Irish Bank, New Enterprise Incentive Scheme Association (NEIS), Torres Strait Regional Authority (TSRA), Small Business Centres Victoria (SBCV), Indigenous Business Australia (IBA) and others (Nab.com.au, 2016). Industry Banking and financial services Competitors Westpac Banking Corporation, Australia And New Zealand Banking Group Limited and Commonwealth Bank Of Australia (Nab.com.au, 2016). Supplier They do not have any supplier and customers and governments are the only source of money; however they themselves have an Australian Supplier Diversity Program (Nab.com.au, 2016). Table 2: Specific Environment Analysis (Source: Created by Author) SWOT analysis Factors Analysis of the factors Strength The National Australian Banks first inaugurated in 1982 and thus has a strong brand name. They are also financially stable with respect to their business as their business is present in New Zealand, UK and Asian countries also. Moreover, they also provide financial support and plans to lead diverse products and services organization. Weakness Though they have expanded their business into some places, they are still less renowned. Hutchings et al. (2016) also depicts that the National Australia Bank declines revenues impacting growth activities Opportunity They can target to larger continents like Asia and Europe so that the can also serve their services across the globe. They can also support the voluntary organization and can do charitable work from their annual profit not only for the betterment of the society but also for their organization. Threat Wake of the financial crisis and recession are the two reasons of threat for the company which should be controlled by the Australian government. Other emerging banking institutes worldwide will be the crucial threat for NAB. Table 3: SWOT Analysis (Source: Created by Author) Organizational Culture Organizational culture "Passion for the customer," "will win", "be bold", "respecting the people" and "doing the right thing" are the five core values of the National Australia Bank that drives and supports the organizational culture. However, organizational culture and leadership style complements each other for the maximum productivity and financial growth of an organization. The leader of the concerned organization was Frank Cicuttio, CEO of the NAB. This person adopts transformational leadership style which leads to the tremendous growth of the bank until the foreign currency trader fraud was exposed and after that, the person resigns. This incidents force to adopt the change in the organization cultures after that high security were provided for the bank's procedure so that inability to risk management and placing control measures to avoid mismanagement can be avoided and monitored continuously (Hornuf and Haas, 2014, pp.192-201). However, Fallon and Cooper (2015, pp.71-83) criticizes that after the f oreign currency scandal, the organization is not able to produce a significant leader but they are continuously working on their organizational culture and leadership style so that they can exercise for maximum control on all the functions of the organization. Moreover, the organizational culture represents too much hierarchy and the communication follows the top to bottom strategy, where the participation of the employee are restricted as all the decision are taken by higher authority. Thus they have to adopt a more holistic and participative style of leadership for expanding their business across the world. Conclusion It is concluded from the above discussion that NAB has been able to achieve the stature of one of the biggest banks in Australia by serving their best to their valuable customers since 1982. NAB enjoys a dominant position in the domestic market, but they are failed to make their organization popular in other countries and continents. This business report also demonstrates the criticism faced by the National Australia Bank due to foreign exchange scandal and high-interest rate and tax avoidance activities from Ireland customers. As a result, the organizational is affected so much that the CEO resign and after that, no significant leader is produced by the organization. They also support an organization that is associated with the work, not advisable fo the environmental sustainability like the fossil fuel industries hat is responsible for the massive public outrage. However, they have huge opportunity to grow in spite of the threats of the growth of other financial institutes. Thus, t he National Australia Bank should re-evaluate its organizational and instill strong leader for expanding their business to achieve organizational objectives by boosting their employees. Reference List Authority, A.P.R., 2013. Australian Prudential Regulation Authority. Boehm, J.L., 2012. Private Securities Fraud Litigation after Morrison v. National Australia Bank: Reconsidering a Reliance-Based Approach to Extraterritoriality. Harv. Int'l LJ, 53, p.249. Costa, S., 2014. Changes to the privacy act. Brief, 41(7), p.16. Daly, A. and Gebremedhin, T.A., 2015. Can An Indigenous Employment Program Work? A Case Study of National Australia Bank. Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy, 34(3), pp.128-138. Demirer, M., Diebold, F.X., Liu, L. and Yilmaz, K., 2015. Estimating global bank network connectedness. Available at SSRN 2631479. Doyle, T., Alfonsi, A. and Robertson, P., 2014. The Global Economy Debate point: Does an open, free-market economy make Australia more or less secure in a globalised world?. Epstein, M.J. and Buhovac, A.R., 2014. Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Fallon, F. and Cooper, B.J., 2015. Corporate Culture and GreedThe Case of the Australian Wheat Board. Australian Accounting Review, 25(1), pp.71-83. Hornuf, L. and Haas, G., 2014. Regulating fraud in financial markets: can behavioural designs prevent future criminal offences?. Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions, 7(2), pp.192-201. Hutchings, T.R., Nordblom, T.L., Hayes, R.C., Li, G. and Finlayson, J.D., 2016, February. A framework for modelling financial risk in Southern Australia: the intensive farming (IF) model. In 2016 Conference (60th), February 2-5, 2016, Canberra, Australia (No. 235333). Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society. Kaal, W.A. and Painter, R.W., 2012. Forum Competition and Choice of Law Competition in Securities Law After Morrison v. National Australia Bank.Minnesota Law Review, 97, pp.12-12. Laby, A.B., 2013. Regulation of Global Financial Firms After Morrison v. National Australia Bank. . John's L. Rev., 87, p.561. Morris, T., 2012. Innovations in Banking. Routledge. Moscardo, G., Lamberton, G., Wells, G., Fallon, W., Lawn, P., Rowe, A., Humphrey, J., Wiesner, R., Pettitt, B., Clifton, D. and Renouf, M., 2013.Sustainability in Australian business: Principles and practice. Wiley-Blackwell. Moutinho, L., 2016. National Australia Bank (Australia). In Worldwide Casebook in Marketing Management (pp. 515-549). Murray, P.A., 2014. The nature and sources of competitive advantage. Nab.com.au., 2016. Personal. [online] Available at: https://www.nab.com.au/ [Accessed 10 Sep. 2016]. Privacy Act, 2016. Privacy Act | Privacy law| Office of the Australian Information Commissioner - OAIC. [online] Oaic.gov.au. Available at: https://www.oaic.gov.au/privacy-law/privacy-act/ [Accessed 10 Sep. 2016]. Scherbina, T., Afanasyeva, O. and Lapina, Y., 2013. Risk management, corporate governance and investment banking: the role of chief risk officer.Corporate Governance and Investment Banking: The Role of Chief Risk Officer, pp.233-243. Tradingeconomics.com., 2016. Australia GDP per capita PPP. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/australia/gdp-per-capita-ppp [Accessed 5 Sep. 2016]. Turner, B.S., 2014. Australia: the debate about hegemonic culture. Dominant Ideologies (RLE Social Theory), p.158. Zeller, B. and Cole, B., 2014. Australian Trade AgreementsA Divergence between Trade Policy and Business OutcomesCan They Deliver Trade-related Growth for Australia?. Global Journal of Comparative Law, 3(2), pp.236-255.

The Societal Issue Being Addressed In This Article Is The Cloning Of H

The societal issue being addressed in this article is the cloning of humans and nuclear cell fusion. This question lingering into every household...Should we be playing God? This question has substantial points on each side. Some people think that we shouldn't be manipulating nature's creations ,and we should leave things the way they are because that is the way things are meant to be. Other's oppose that jurisdiction and state that we can rid the world of cancers and tumors and quite possibly save lives. Others don't believe strongly either way, though believe in restricted means of distinguishing forms of cloning using safe and well-tested means. Research on human embryos has been minimal over the past few years because of the lack of money from the government to perform sophisticated experiments in this area. "In the 1980's and early 90's this research was banned by both the Ronald Reagan and Bush administrations due to pressure from the pro-life factions of the Republican party." The societal issue addressed is expressed from all point of views, and the following will further strengthen and help you understand their points. "The procedures used in human embryo cloning have been around for many years, and have been used in the cloning of cattle and sheep embryos, for the production of animals with known genetic traits. The news of human embryo cloning did not surprise many people in the scientific community, but it shocked the general public."(psu.edu) Many biologists believe that they have a personal duty to the improvement of society, perhaps even a moral obligation. To this end the techniques of embryonic cloning and alteration have been offered to society as an option for the improvement of humanity. Doctors hope that by being able to study the multiple embryos developed through cloning, they can determine the causes of spontaneous abortions. Contraceptive specialists believe that if they can determine how an embryo knows where to implant itself, they can develop a contraceptive that would prevent embryos from implanting in the uterus. This all means that cloning would help our future and help us fur ther understand our human bodies. A defensive statement for this would be that these scientists are creating genes and are pushing the scientific envelope. How much further can they go? What if they create something that evolves to withstand forces of nature and science? Anything is possible when you play with something you fully don't understand. Cancer research is possibly the most important reason for embryo cloning. Neuro-Oncologists believe that embryonic study will advance understanding of the rapid cell growth of cancer. Cancer cells develop at approximately the same speed as embryonic cells do. By studying the embryonic cell growth, scientists may be able to determine how to stop cancer growth in turn. Some ask is it worth the risk? Others oppose this question with, is it worth the risk to not know it's full potential and how it can help us. These questions are few of the hundreds now argued throughout the world in courts and legislatures. The whole article I read was basically about the world verses cloning and nuclear genetic fusion. In other words building life out of other living things. When we play with items we don't understand we risk a lot and it can mean moral or physical disaster if something goes wrong. Imagine those who die daily because of lack of donors of organs, we could create donors. We can better understand cancer cells and spontaneous abortion and further understand nature and oneself. Understanding cloning will take awhile but the potential of such would be great. I feel this article helped me understand cloning even more than I did. I feel that cloning has a future and will take part in our lives. Yet what we don't understand can be dangerous. My analysis of cloning is, it may develop more ideas than we think were ever possible, but we should be careful and take respectful means of precaution. Government oppression will be anarchisticly opposed and science will run it's course and in a few years the government will have little part in cloning and the people who worked for it will receive the credit they deserve. Cloning is the future of

In the Fall of the House of Usher, Poe has written the Gothic narrative par excellence. Discuss.

In the Fall of the House of Usher, Poe has written the Gothic narrative par excellence. Discuss. Poe has written his Gothic story "The Fall of the House of Usher" to perfection. This statement is correct, especially considering the fascinating, and some what eccentric style of writing used by Poe, which makes his stories particularly Gothic.The primary reason why "House of Usher" is such a superior Gothic work is because of the language used. Throughout the narrative, Poe uses extremely cinematic language to describe the Gothic feature of the story. This may be done because of the lack of technology in the day of Poe's writing, yet the language is still quite unique. The vocabulary that Poe uses vividly describes the Gothic nature of the setting, which is a key factor in the story. Poe instantly makes the reader aware of the Gothic features of the storey in the first paragraph of the narrative. This is done by the narrator, who uses a string of Gothic words to describe the House, where expressions such as 'gloom' and 'depression' are used to describe the setting.English: The Fal l of the House of Usher (1928) is ...When the story begins on one "dull, dark and soundless day in the autumn of the year" the reader is instantly conscious of a sense of death and decay, an extremely Gothic characteristic. This vocabulary alerts the reader immediately to the darkness surrounding the House, and paints a precise picture of the setting which Poe intends to use. This extremely descriptive language is a common feature throughout the story, and Poe uses this technique to his advantage.Another reason why the "House of Usher" is a great Gothic work is because of the way Poe reveals his plot. On many occasions Poe fools the reader into thinking something, whilst he actually intends to end the scenario differently. Such great exposition is what makes this particular narrative such a great one.

The Clemson Bikini Murder Case

The Clemson Bikini Murder Case On May 26, 2006, Clemson University student Tiffany Marie Souers was found dead in her off-campus apartment by a former roommate. She was wearing only a bra and had a bikini top wrapped around her neck. There was no sign of forced entry into her apartment. Police released surveillance photos of someone using Tiffanys debit card, shortly after she died, in hopes of finding her killer. Latest Developments Bikini Killer Appeals Death Sentence Previous Developments Bikini Killer Sentenced to Death Mistrial Sought in Bikini Killers Penalty HearingApril 20, 2009Attorneys for Jerry Buck Inman who entered a guilty plea for the murder of a Clemson college student have asked for a mistrial in the death penalty hearing in the Bikini Murder Case. Lawyers said prosecutors harassed and intimidated a defense witness hired to discuss Inmans troubled youth. Bikini Murder Sentencing DelayedSept. 11, 2008Sentencing for the man who pleaded guilty to the murder of Clemson University student Tiffany Marie Souers was delayed this week after an expert witness for the defense refused to testify even after being granted immunity. Jerry Buck Inman Pleads Guilty to Bikini MurderAug. 19, 2008Convicted sex offender Jerry Buck Inman has pleaded guilty to robbery, kidnapping, rape, and murder in connection with the death of a Clemson University student in May 2006. Inman admitted in court that he strangled the 20-year-old Tiffany Marie Souers with her bikini top. Change of Venue Denied in Bikini Murder CaseMay 8, 2008A South Carolina judge has turned down a motion by attorneys for Jerry Buck Inman to move his trial in the Clemson University bikini murder case to a different location. Judge Edward Miller ruled that the trial for the murder of Tiffany Marie Souers will take place in Pickens County in September as scheduled. Third Attorney Appointed in Bikini MurderApril 17, 2005A South Carolina judge has appointed a third attorney to help defend a convicted sex offender who is charged with the murder of a 20-year-old Clemson University student. Judge Demands Bikini Murder Suspects DNAJan. 8, 2007A South Carolina judge ordered convicted sex offender Jerry Buck Inman to give fingerprints and DNA samples to investigators. Death Penalty Sought in Clemson Bikini MurderAug. 23, 2006South Carolina prosecutors will seek the death penalty for Jerry (Buck) Inman in the murder of Tiffany Maria Souers. A gag order has been issued in the case. Suspect Captured in Clemson Murder CaseJune 7, 2006A registered sex offender suspected in the killing of a Clemson University student who was strangled with a bikini top was captured early in Jefferson County, Tennessee. Evidence Developing in Clemson Students DeathJune 1, 2006Authorities say they are fast developing evidence and expect a resolution in the case of a 20-year-old Clemson University student whose partially nude body was found in her off-campus apartment strangled with a bikini top.

A Review of Literature on How to Manage International Joint Venture - 2

A of on How to Manage International Joint Venture Successfully - Literature review Example In licensing model, companies planning for internationalization use patent or trademark of market leaders in foreign countries in order to enter in the country. Companies use strategic partnership with existing player in foreign market in order to enter in the country and this partnership is known as joint venture. Ownership ratio in Joint Venture or International Joint Venture is decided in accordance with the capital invested by two strategic partners. Discussion Academic scholars like Griffith, O’Brian and Zeybek (2001) have pointed out that international joint venture (IJV) is one kind of foreign direct investment and they have also argued that in international joint venture (IJV) strategic partners are engaged to develop and operate one common business entity. Other researchers such as Perlmutter and Heenan (1986) have depicted IJV as a functional device to survive in tumultuous global economies. According to these research scholars companies plan for IJV in order to decr ease financial and strategic risks and they have also given evidences to support their viewpoints. Various research scholars such as Gundlach & Achrolhave (1993) have identified different benefits of forming in IJV. According to them IJV provides various benefits like local capital, raw material sources, marketing capabilities, government assistance, technology integration, tax incentives, assurances of imports, decreasing ethnocentrism issues and local currency loans to foreign players. Academic scholars like Reurer and Miller (1997) have pointed out that IJV can help the parent companies to adopt long term performance plans in order to increase average rate of return in investment. Baek, Min and Ryu (2006) have established a valid argument on wealth management issues of IJV and according to the scholar IJV can create more wealth for shareholders of parent firms meanwhile the model also saves skin for parent firms suffering from high leverage or low level of cash flow. Research sch olars such as Koh and Venkatraman (1991) have argued that international joint venture can boost the growth of stock market value for parent company while many other researchers have found that their argument lacks subjectivity. There is negative side of IJV and academic scholars have pointed out that IJV is considered as strategic dilemma for many organizations. Research scholars such as Yan and Zeng (1999) have pointed out that IJV destabilize the business process for many organizations. They have found that stability of IJV model demands change in leadership or ownership model for companies. Academic scholars have pointed out that IJV needs successful integration of strategic change management in order to be successful. Synchronization of change management and IJV is a contingent option for directing the equilibrium of foreign business venture in response to external and internal forces. Study shows that IJV is the systematic profiling of business risk and available strategic vari ables. Research scholars like Eisenhardt (1989) has proposed two theories names as team production theory and agency theory in order to define risk factors associated with IJV model. Agency theory has underlined agents might fail to understand business objective of principle and in such cases objective of IJV might fail. In such cases principals or the parent companies need to use different mechanisms such as monitoring, contract and reliance in order to resolve agency

Palm oil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Palm oil - Essay Example The UK is the wealthy nation which dominates the poor nation of Indonesia which has an abundance of cheap labour and land on which palm oil can be grown successfully. Instead of development, the production of palm oil in Indonesia takes place at a cost to the indigenous people and to the environment. The benefits derived from the production of palm oil also accrue mainly to the developed country at the expense of the relatively undeveloped Indonesia where land which should be preserved for the protection of the environment and biodiversity is being burnt in order to supply palm oil cheaply to Tesda’s supermarket chain and other company’s. Instead of development Indonesia is faced with displacement of its people and depletion of its resources. The soot from burning has affected the operations of the airline industry and will therefore have a negative effect on the economic development of the country. The preservation of the environment is important in the development of any country. The burning of the forests will have dire environmental consequences for the people of Indonesia. With the increasing and negative effects of climate change countries around the world are taking the necessary steps to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere while this is taken place in Indonesia. These events indicate that Tesda has not adopted a model for corporate social responsibility with all the negative events including corruption, lack of dialogue between groups affected by the production of palm oil and poor labour standards employed. These along with the death of persons who speak for their rights are unacceptable. The stakeholders that have legitimate claims on Tesda are the indigenous people of Indonesia whose lives have been negatively affected by plantations in which Tesda has a stake, the people who work on these plantations, suppliers to its processing plant in the Netherlands and

The State University Experience Essay Example for Free

The State University Experience Essay There is a State University video and it seems cool. It offers a lot of majors and the school is nearby the house. One time he visited the school and has a tour with his parents. There is one tour guide that assist them to the whole University and it seems that he doesn’t know what he’s doing and they wasn’t able to complete the tour. And when they go to the gigantic lecture hall the lights are off and the tour guide can’t find the switch to turn the lights, so they just open the door so that the sunlight could come in. The admissions office sends a letter to his mom and it seems that there is a problem because of the transcript of record is missing and they can’t find it. So he asked his counselor if he sends the transcript and she told that she already send last week. He’s been accepted to the University and already sends a confirmation form. There are a lot of applications that same information that already passed and he is wondering why they need the same information. It’s a waste of time. There is an orientation in the school and he met a lots of friends and he already know who is his advisor and signed for the classes. After that all he left to do is pay his tuition fee because if not, there will be a problem because he will lose all of his signed class  if he didn’t pay the bill on time. He needs to go to the admissions office or to his college office to confirm and check the letter that was being sent to them long time ago because the form and the fee has been paid. It is his first day and it seems it’s stressful for his first day in that university. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Ems: How should the State University admissions office improve their service process in accepting enrollees and prevent errors in the system of applications? Abi: How should the Admissions office of the State University improve their service process in accepting enrollees and to remove the waste of time that the customer experiencing while in the process of filling the application forms? ANALYSIS OF THE CASE A customer waste of time and bad experience for the first time in a company is a big no to businesses because this will lead to losses and a customer will shift to the other company that offers better service. In this case, a new student want to enroll in the university and to know about the facilities to better know about the school she/he chose, the tour guide doesn’t know what she’s doing and not familiar with the facilities inside the campus. Also, the admissions office has an application form that contains confusing information for the student which cannot easily understand. They also missed some important paper and files about the student which are very important. Furthermore, the university doesn’t access billing information faster and they have lack of financial aid for the student to pay for their bills. As a University they must have a good and organized admissions office to put and keep the important papers in just one place and their process service m ust be well organized to prevent unnecessary things. ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION I. The State University should have an application software in computer having a Poka-Yoke device This will help to eliminate the waste in waiting,  finding the information and to prevent from missing important papers. Poka-Yoke devices can give warnings if the file has not been saved yet by the admission or it can track errors that they made. II. The State University Administrators should use Process Management Activities. This Process Management will help the Admission Office to have a good service process where in the inputs they have in the enrollees will be sequenced properly and they will have a success completion. III. State University can do Benchmarking This will compare the service they provide from the other schools and this can improve the service performance of the State University administrators. This eliminates time and resources. It can also identify the performance gaps between the organization and competitors. IV. The State University should use Value-creation process vis-à  -vis with support process This process will improve the Admission Office in giving services; it will provide specific work steps to the employees in performing the services in the application of enrollees and handling them properly. V. State University should change their people in charge in the admission office. They should change the people in charge in the admission office to a well trained and responsible enough to handle files properly because the problem might be on the people in charge why files or application are being misplaced. RECOMMENDATION Our group recommends the second alternative which is the University should  use the Process Management Activity. The university must have enough equipments or materials for the important information of each student that are enrolled in the school and so that they will not experience hard time by finding from different rooms the important documents of a student. Control by means of measuring the process if they met the expected output and the school must continuously improve the service they provide for the customers. To apply those techniques it should be repeatable and measureable. Meeting these two conditions ensures that sufficient data can be collected to reveal useful information for evaluation and control, as well as learning that leads to continuous improvement. LEARNINGS The group learned that service process management in an organization is important factor that the employee and the company must consider because each customer contributes and help the business grow and it affects the business on how to deliver value to its customer. But sometimes, we cannot avoid that the cause of the dissatisfaction of the customer because it is the employee itself. To have an effective process the errors must resolve quickly to prevent repetition so that the customer will prevent from dissatisfying about the service that the employee gives. To develop an efficient procedure the company must be organized and give high standards of performance because this serves as a guide or directions to do a quality standards which leads to efficiency and in satisfying customers.

Definition Essay - The Many Meanings of Community -- Definition Essays

Definition Essay - The Many Meanings of Community Community is a common tool of the English language to categorize people and put unique individuals into a single group.   However, what is the real meaning of community?   Community can be used as a noun or an adjective and it has a plethora of meanings in the dictionary. The Oxford English Dictionary defined the word community in two pages worth of different meanings.   The earlier definitions (from the 17th century) defined community as â€Å"the quality of appertaining to or being held by all in common; joint or common ownership, tenure, liability† and a â€Å"common character, quality in common, commonness, agreement, identity.†Ã‚  Ã‚   Then in the later definitions (used in later times like in the 18th and 19th centuries) community was defined as â€Å"life in association with others; society, the social state.†Ã‚   (The Oxford English Dictionary) It is interesting to see that community goes from meaning a common interest or defining characteristics to living in the same society with other people that could have no common interests or defining char...

Deviation from Social Code: Analysis of Characters and Theme of The Age of Innocence

Edith Wharton’s The Age of Innocence (1920) is a detailed depiction of social conventions and decorum of the high society of New York during the late 19th century. One of the central themes of the novel is the struggle of an individual inside a rigid society. Order, loyalty, tradition and duty are the values upheld by the society where Newland Archer grew up. He is a lawyer, engaged to be married to May Welland, raised to be a perfect wife and mother according to society’s standards (Wharton, 1998).These same rules and standards dictate that she pretends to be ignorant of her fiance’s feelings toward Countess Ellen Olenska. For a long time, Newland and Ellen had to sacrifice their desires and feelings in order to maintain order in society. Society in The Age of Innocence shapes and directs the life of an individual, sacrificing what they truly want and truly believe in. Society’s forms and conventions decide how one should think and behave. Society’ s primary agent of its laws is the family, specifically the old money families belonging to the high society New York.These are the families with inherited wealth which separates them from the lower class. Their wealth is an important dimension in stratification because it ensures the financial stability of the future generation of the family. Their â€Å"old money† allows them a luxurious lifestyle without having the need to work. The greatest manifestation of the importance of order is seen in family. It is the foremost duty of the individual to promote and protect the harmony of his/her blood and marital relationships.The family disapproved Ellen’s decision to divorce his husband despite his being abusive and cruel to her. For them, it was just natural to endure little sacrifices to maintain the family. By going against their principles, she became an outcast; someone who is pitiful. At first, Newland was hesitant to be associated with Ellen. She has a bad reputatio n and he wanted nothing to do with her. However, the family expected him to help bring Ellen out in the public so he was forced to enter the Mingott’s opera box and introduce himself.And of course eventually, they hide their true feelings in fear of hurting their family. Following this duty to the family and society, a code of morality dictates the actions and thinking of the individual in whatever aspect of his/her life. May informed Newland of her passion by letting him guess that she â€Å"cares† for him as this is the only way a love of a young unmarried woman should be declared. She must conform to society’s perfect portrayal of a young maiden ? sexually innocent and ignorant on matters about affairs and passion (Barker-Benfield, 2000).She was fist seen with white lilies in the valley, unaware of sexual implications of the scenes in the play she is watching. Later in the book, it was established that from the start she was aware of Newland’s feelings towards the Countess but she chose to remain silent and follow the code of ignorance. Despite this knowledge, her wedding at Grace Church must continue to maintain the order on how things should be done. Newland has his own list of socially mandated duties according to Lawrence Lefferts and Sillerton Jackson, expert on manners and expert on family matters, respectively.Order in society is maintained through these rarefied practices to continue the continued existence of the civilization. The social code is strictly enforced by society which compromises the personal freedom of the individual (Charles, Davies & Harris, 2008). Sometimes a family member has to let go of his/her personal wants and follow the decision of the family to avoid economic and political sanctions. Newland and Ellen could not pursue each other in order to maintain their social integrity. Even a simple walk together cannot be done without arousing suspicion.To be divorced to a husband is frowned by society eventh ough that husband treats you badly, go out with other women even men. Her family wanted her to seek reconciliation with her husband in order to reaffirm the values of society. When she refused to do so, they cut off her allowance as a consequence for her decision. In the end, Ellen chose to maintain her individuality by leaving America, a price she had to pay. She was forced out of New York, condemned by her own family, who believed that she and Newland are having a secret affair.Newland defended the right of Ellen to be with another man: † ‘I'm sick of the hypocrisy that would bury alive a woman of her age if her husband prefers to live with harlots†¦ Women ought to be free – as free as we are,' he declared, making a discovery of which he was too irritated to measure the terrific consequences. † (Wharton, Book One, Chapter 5, p. 35) He condemned the double-standard prevalent in the society where a man can seek sexual pleasures outside a failed marriage but the woman cannot.He may have progressive views but he was unaware of their implications in his own very traditional marriage. But these codes exist not without loopholes. Those who found these loopholes are often despised but still accepted in the society. Hypocrisy is common and rampant in Old New York high society. Families attend balls and gatherings hosted by the same person they contempt for being so common who they would gladly exile following the collapse of his business. Lawrence Lefferts claims to be an expert in Christian virtues while snubbing Ellen for being a divorcee.Newland is aware that if he leaves May for Ellen, society’s sympathy will pour for May. She told Ellen of her pregnancy despite being unsure of it to drive her away from Newland. She was aware of Newland’s passion for Ellen but did not say anything. This society, with its rigid rules and conventions, was challenged by the arrival of a new society symbolized by the Beauforts and Countess Ellen Olenska. Though they were not successful in blending and harmonizing with the old society’s tradition, they opened new possibilities of otherwise closed-minded individuals.Towards the end of the novel, it became clear that a new order has taken over with fresh ideas and movements. They began to consider and attribute importance to different things such as interesting and artistic people. There was an obvious change of attitude to people like the Beauforts. Beaufort’s illegitimate daughter, Fanny, and her marriage with Dallas Archer were not objected by society. In fact they were fond of her bright personality. Society did not post any obstacle to Newland and Ellen being together but Newland was so stuck in the past that he failed to recognize that time has changed.

Moral Attitueds Toward the Thousand and One Night

The entire basis for The Thousand and One Knights is Shahrayar has become exhausted by the infidelity of his wife and that of his brother's. Scheherazade's purpose for the tales is to show the king that not all women are bad and that men can be evil sometimes too. There are many women in the tales who act virtuously (the she-demon in the second merchant's tale, the farmer's daughter in the third merchant's tale, etc. ). Of course, the societal perception of women is very different from today. In the tale of the farmer who understands animals, he eventually beats the wife black and blue, she learns obedience, and â€Å"everyone was happy. While this aspect of society is shown, the morality of women is not attacked or praised: it is shown as being variable, just like any person's. I have not noticed any overt racial discrimination in the tales. Of course, people from different lands or regions are portrayed as strange or downright evil, but there isn't any racism the way we would consider it. The Blackamoors are simply the Arabian people from the area farther west than the setting for the tales (the name for the Moors- an Arab/Berber people comes from this). The tales of the ox and the donkey The vizier fears that his daughter will merely suffer. True to his character and to his role, he does not say so directly, but instead tells her a story of a donkey who, proud of his intelligence, schemes to trick the master of the farm into excusing the sweet, simple ox from labor. The scheme works, but not as the donkey expected. The wealthy farmer orders the donkey driven into the field to work in the ox's place. In using a story to warn Shahrazad, the vizier engages in narrative imagining, a form of thinking before acting. In trying to change her mind through story, he unwittingly endorses the very strategy he asks her to reject–to try to change the king's mind through stories. Narrative imagining–story–is the fundamental instrument of thought. Rational capacities depend upon it. It is our chief means of looking into the future, of predicting, of planning, and of explaining. It is a literary capacity indispensable to human cognition generally. This is the first way in which the mind is essentially literary. The vizier asks Shahrazad to think before acting by imagining a story and then evaluating it. He traces the consequence of her action forward to disaster, implying that Shahrazad should abandon her plan. In doing so, he puts to domestic use a fundamental cognitive activity: story.

The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz--The Tragic Fa Essays

The Apprenticeship of Duddy KravitzThe Tragic Fa Essays The Apprenticeship of Duddy KravitzThe Tragic Fall of Duddy A man must pursue his dreams. This is certainly true for everyone of the humankind, for if there were no dreams, there would be no reason to live. Duddy Kravitz understands this perfectly, that is why he is one of the most ambitious young men of his time. From the moment he hears his grandfather says, "A man without land is nobody," he is prepared to seek the land of his dream no matter what the cost would be. This ambition of his is very respectable, but unfortunately his methods are damnable. Duddy is a relentless pursuer; a formidable competitor and also a ruthless manipulator. It is true that he has obtained all the land that he desires at the end, but he succeeds through immoral, despicable and contemptible means. It is clear then, that Duddy has failed in his apprenticeship and has become the "scheming little bastard" that Uncle Benjy has warned him against. There is no doubt that Duddy is very shrewd and clever, but his lack of moral principles attributes to his final failure. In fact, his immorality can be traced back to a very young age. During his study in the parochial school, he already earns money through methods that hardly comply to virtues of any kind. Taking advantage of the fact that minors cannot be sued in Canada, Duddy defrauds stamp companies and sells stolen hockey sticks. Perhaps he cannot distinguish right from wrong; perhaps he does not care, but nonetheless it is not proper for him to engage himself into these kinds of activities. Duddy emerges himself deeper into the sea of corruption when he establishes Dudley Kane Enterprises. With his limited knowledge of movie making and his mistaken trust in John Friar, his firm produces bar-mitzvah films of extremely poor quality. The bar-mitzvah film for Mr. Cohen, for example, is obviously a failing product. "Duddy didnt say a word all through the screening but afterwards he was sick to his stomach." After the screening, Duddy says to Mr. Friar, "I could sell Mr. Cohen a dead horse easier than this pile of ." However, realizing the obvious faultiness of the film, Duddy does not talk candidly to his client. Instead, he untruthfully says that the film is a phenomenal piece of art and that he is entering it into the Cannes Festival. By doing so, he deceives the Cohen family into buying the defective bar-mitzvah film of Bernie. As a matter of fact, Kravitz is not only skillful in handling situations, but he is also very apt in manipulating people. This can be clearly seen in his relationships with Virgil and Yvette. Duddy is never loved in his family, so originally Duddy is quite content to know that there is someone who cares about him Yvette. He finds great comradeship in her and has also enjoyed great sex with her. But as time passes by, Yvette becomes only a tool to him. He uses her as a medium through which he can buy the land that he lusts for; because he is a minor and he cannot legally own land. "The farmers would be wary of a young Jew, they might jack up prices or even refuse to sell, but another French-Canadian would not be suspect." Duddy also treats her as a sexual toy. He makes love with Yvette whenever he wants it, but he does not take Yvettes feelings into consideration: "Yvette wanted to wait, but Duddy insisted, and they made love on the carpet." He never pays any respect to Yvette and he does "...not know how to treat a woman." With Virgil, Duddy takes advantage of his physical disabilities. After selling the pinball machines that Virgil brought him to ease his financial troubles, Duddy does not want to repay Virgil. Using the fact that Virgil is an epileptic and that it is very difficult for him to be hired, Duddy employs him as a driver. But Duddy tells him that a truck would be necessary for the task, and that he can provide Virgil with the perfect vehicle for one thousand dollars the exact amount that he owes Virgil. Virgil is innocent enough not to know what is happening. He is also very grateful and flattered to know that Mr. Kravitz is willing to hire him. He accepts the job immediately, and thus, Duddy does not need to reimburse Virgil. It is quite ironic that Duddy, being such a good manipulator of people,

The 6 Best Pandora Stations for Studying

The 6 Best Pandora Stations for Studying According to Nick Perham, a researcher published in Applied Cognitive Psychology, the best music for studying is none at all. He recommends complete quiet or ambient noise, like a soft conversation or muted traffic to make the most of your study time. However, there are many of you out there who like to listen to tunes while studying. So, what do you do? The absolute best songs to listen to while studying have no lyrics, like those provided by these Pandora stations below. Why? So your brain is not confused about which information to keep – the lyrics or your study materials. Lyric-Free Music for Studying by Artist When you log into Pandora, you can search by genre, song or artist. If you type in Justin Timberlake, for instance, youre going to hear pop/RB music from him and other various artists that resemble his style. The same is true for finding artists that happen to make music thats lyric-free. Since many of you students out there are more into music with words, you may not have heard of these next six artists and the stations that go along with them. But, when studying time comes along, youd better believe these names will come in handy. Paul Cardall Radio This station is for those of you in love with jazz piano, although Cardall does play a variety of other types of music. Other artists on this station, like Yiruma, David Nevue, and Chis Rice, delve into contemporary jazz and popular songs without the words, too. Much of the music on here is piano with bass, violin, or guitar accompaniment. Dntel Radio Jimmy Tamborello, or Dntel as he goes by, creates lyric-free electro-pop at its finest. The beats on this Pandora station from similar artists like Ersatz, Ladytron and Crystal Castles are hypnotic with rhythmic, driving beats and repetitious measures. And since the music is fast-paced, you will absolutely not fall asleep in your textbook while youre trying to study. Impossible. Ratatat Radio The name of this duo kind of says it all. The onomatopoeia perfectly describes the rhythm of Mike Shroud, who plays synthesizer, guitar, melodica, and percussion, and his partner, Evan Mast, who is on bass, synthesizers, and percussion. Its kind of a hip-hoppy, electronica, rock mash-up. Ratatat offers some brilliant hip-hop remixes, too, so expect some of that thrown in there, along with the music from similar artists like The Glitch Mob, Martin Jones and more. This is lyric-free music for studying youre going to want to listen to even when youre not hitting the books. The Bad Plus Radio Im just going to go ahead and describe this lyric-free music for studying from The Bad Plus as jazz with nods to pop and rock. The trio, made up of pianist Ethan Iverson, bassist Reid Anderson, and drummer Dave King go  at it on their various instruments, putting together explosive harmonies which can, ironically, soothe a disquieted mind. Sound strange? It can be. But its addictive. Other artists on their station are Avishai Cohen, Brad Mehldau, and E.S.T. Explosions in the Sky Radio Youve probably heard of Explosions in the Sky before if youve ever ventured into lyric-free music at all. Theyre huge! This group, comprised of Mark Smith, Michael James, Munaf Rayani, and Chris Hrasky, play lyric-free concerts all over the globe to much acclaim. They stick with electric guitars, synthesizers, and a drum kit, providing other-worldly soulful beats and inspirational rock, too. Other artists on this station, like Mogwai, Daft Punk, and Hybrid stick to a similar sound. Tune in if you have test-taking anxiety about that test coming up! RJD2 Radio This is where instrumental meets hip-hop in a perfectly syncopated groove. Ramble John RJ Krohn, is a music producer and musician who has masterfully conquered lyric-free music. His rhythms make you want to move, which is fantastic if youre drowsy while studying. Other artists on this station are Wax Tailor, The Xx, J-Walk, and even Ratatat.

Speech Recognition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Speech Recognition - Essay Example Normal human interaction is verbal and nonverbal (facial expressions). A logical progression in computer technology should be a move away from keyboard and mouse interaction and toward verbal or facial recognition technology. Biotechnology already exists in the form of fingerprint recognition and speech recognition programs. Fingerprint recognition simply plots three points of a fingerprint and gives it a numerical equivalent. Many school systems use fingerprint recognition programs to speed up their lunch lines. Students simply put their thumb on the reader, their print is recognized, and their account is charged for the lunch. In 1965 Gordon Moore made a prediction that computer technology would double about every two years. Specifically, Moore predicted that the number of transistors on a chip would double every two years and that chip size would gradually become smaller. More capacity would open up the possibility to run more and more complex programs. The increased capacity was achieved by each chip having the ability to hold more and more transistors over time. Moore's law is very important because the computer technology of the 1960's would need to increase capacity to handle programs such as speech recognition and facial recognition programs. ... Moore's law has held true. Chip technology has doubled capacity at approximately two year intervals since 1970. Intel's Duel Core Itanium 2 Processor holds approximately 1,000,000,000 transistors compared to the 8088 processor of the 70's which held approximately 15,000 transistors. Speech Recognition A keyboard/mouse interface with computer systems is a design that followed the logical progression from typewriters to computer based word-processing programs. But, this interface does not replicate how people communicate with one another. Natural communication is verbal and includes facial recognition as well. As computers have become integrated into just about every sector of society their uses have become more varied (away from simple word-processing). It is only logical that interfaces should change and evolve as well. Speech recognition technology moves users away from keyboard/mouse interfaces and toward an interface that is more natural for the user. A speech recognition program includes both synthesizers and recognizers. These two devices replicate human interaction by taking human speech and turning it into text (recognizer) and taking text and turning it into speech (synthesizer). Anyone who has used computerized telephone answering services knows that, although recognizable as speech, computers do not do an adequate job of replicating tones of voice or accents found in normal speech patterns. The most up to date speech recognition program on the market is Window's Vista. Intel technologists are working on an AVSR (Audio Visual Speech Recognition) program that will upgrade technology that exists in the form of an audio visual interaction program. Technological advances, such as speech recognition technology, will allow

Developing leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Developing leadership - Essay Example e had to switch from functional work teams to cross-functional, market-based virtual teams in order to better integrate functions that are important for customer responsiveness. ICT advances have offered new opportunities to build and lead virtual teams in the travel industry. These teams consist of workers who are located far from one another, possess unique skills, and must cooperate and collaborate to complete important tasks in the organisation. In the establishment, maintenance and support of virtual teams in this industry, leaders face various challenges including building cohesion, trust and team identity, and ensuring employees are not isolated (Sobel & Reilly, 2010: p39). They also face challenges in the selection of team members with the right interpersonal and technical abilities and skills needed work in the virtual environment, as well as in the evaluation of their performance. Virtual organisations pose unique challenges for leaders in the travel industry, including cultural issues, setup and maintenance costs, lack of trust between team members, and isolation of team members. These challenges could result in productivity problems and communication issues. Virtual organisation leadership demands a new approach, requiring the evaluation of disadvantages and advantages of non-traditional operations, as well as leadership competencies needed to manage at a virtual level (Camarinha-Matos et al., 2012: p40). In travel organisations facing growth and resource restrictions, which involve organisational evolution to a virtual environment of a cross-functional nature, being an agent for change, and interpersonal skills are crucial leadership skills. Failure to lead the organisation through the virtual working challenges and to adopt a new structure of the organisation poses significant risk to the organisation. The complexities facing leadership in the virtual org anisation are supported by research, which suggests various challenges contributing as social

A Chat with Jesus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Chat with Jesus - Essay Example The high price of such experience shows the value found in wisdom, a treasure more valuable than gold and diamonds. As there are rare people who truly have the wisdom that promotes prosperity not only in the financial aspect of a person’s life but includes philosophical, psychological, emotional and spiritual prosperity; it is indeed important to consider the people a person deals with. If given the chance to speak with one person for twenty four hours, the choice would definitely the man who was crucified because of his claim that He is the Son of God. There are many courageous people who would claim what or who they are but probably would never dare to say that they the sons God. Being a prominent figure in the generation He lived with, Jesus never sought to be famous instead, he eluded political power which could have been easily his with the help of his supporters and the Jews who were unfairly treated by the Roman government. In a world where fame and fortune are importan t, it would be wisest to hear from one who has looked to better things rather than what is seen in the present. In addition, it would be a great advantage for a person to get himself involved in the spiritual discussions of a master, a teacher who knows about the centuries-old questions about life after death. The very reason why Jesus Christ was crucified was because of His claim of being the Son of God which, to the Pharisees’ and Sadducees’ point of view, was a means of equating one’s self with the Creator of man, God. This was considered blasphemous, for a man to consider Himself equal with God, yet Jesus with all the courage He could muster and despite the knowledge of what disaster awaits Him, Jesus still declared Himself to be the man He claimed to be, the Son of the Living God, enraging the teachers of the law and endangering His life. One of the things people look up to these days, is the courage and boldness a person has in presenting himself, to be hi ghly applauded and well-considered. If indeed this is a need that is to be met in this generation for a person to be able to be competitive and successful, then listening to the advice of a person who had all the confidence in declaring himself to be the Son of God, would be a great help. Many scholars study about confidence building as they see it important in a person’s life and probably, for a person to be able to survive in a world like ours, one has to have the attitude of being sure of one’s self. Of course, not everyone is equipped with such confidence for even other great philosophers and prophets had their own slice of uncertainties. For Jesus, He was so sure of Himself that even if it meant death to Him, he still stood for what he believed in, for which, on another perspective, would be considered honorable and making him highly distinguishable. Fame and fortune are one of the things modern people chase but with Jesus, having all the abilities and capabilitie s, he chose to live a simple life, out of the limelight despite the good things He did. Surely, there is something more important in life than the aforementioned essentials of modern living. Getting an education about the matter would be a great experience with the teacher who could have the best reasons why He chose not to get himself involved in politics and other forms where he could acquire wealth. Reading books could inform me in years and probably provide me with all the information needed but authors may be misconstrued and readers forget. As mentioned earlier, speaking with a wise man face to face is far better than just

Benedict Arnold: Impact On American History

Benedict Arnold: Impact On American History During the middle of the eighteenth century, many questions arose regarding the future of the American Colonies, a relatively vast collection of British Colonial settlements along the Atlantic coast of the New World. As a schism divided the citizens of the Colonies, war appeared to be the inevitable future. Due to countless years of benign neglect shown by the British to its little child, patriots felt that it was time for an epic revolution. This era of great revolutionary movements is characterized by many popular figureheads in American history. Great minds such as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and George Washington are accredited for being most influential. One man, however, is often overlooked in playing a vital role, both positive and negative, in the revolutionary landscape. His name is associated with traitor and he is quite possibly the most infamous person in American history. People have vilified him to the point where they compare him to Judas, betrayer of Jesus Ch rist (Martin). Benedict Arnold, one of the most controversial men to have called himself an American, is considered to be one of the greatest military minds in the history of the world. The question is: what made him switch sides? His impact is undeniable, but unfortunately, his actions against the United States are, quite simply, too immense to forget. SIGNIFICANCE: Background: Early Life and Pre-Revolution Benedict Arnold was born January 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut. His Father, Benedict, was a successful businessman and his mother, Hannah Waterman-King, was a wealthy widow prior to re-marrying. His familys financial stature in Norwich was well recognized. Benedict was enrolled in a private school at a young age with the expectation that he would go on to be educated in an elite university (Creighton). His Fathers mismanagement of money, however, saw Benedict drop out of school, forcing him to take an apprenticeship with his mothers pharmaceutical business. Four of Arnolds siblings would eventually succumb to Yellow Fever. The combination of the death of his children, mismanagement of the fortune, and eventually, the death of his wife in 1759, saw Benedicts father to become a severe alcoholic (Sheinkin). Arnold would eventually see his first military action during the French Indian War, leaving his apprenticeship to join the cause. He enlisted in the Connecticut militia and march ed to Lake George and Albany to oppose the French in the Battle of Fort William Henry. The Indians supporting the French would go against the will of their French leaders who had promised them scalps and booty, going on to mercilessly massacring several hundred men in the militia (Hickman). From this moment, Arnold despised the French, which have said to influence him later on. After the crushing defeat, Benedict grew tired of the constant discipline and returned to his apprenticeship. http://www.ushistory.org/valleyforge/served/images/arnold.jpg Sons of Liberty Benedict Arnold grew to become a successful businessman. His rich cousins supplied him with enough money to go out on his own in the pharmaceutical business. Arnold traveled to Europe, where he bought necessary supplies for his own pharmaceutical business which he would go on to establish in New Haven (Benedict Arnold). His business ambitions soon expanded after he made significant profit in his first business venture. He involved himself in the West India Trade and also traded with Canada. Arnold acquired three ships in partnership with his friend, Adam Babcock (Hickman). Their business was successful, until Englands implementation of the Sugar and Stamp Acts. Arnold became displeased with Britains overwhelming taxation on imported goods in order to make up for their indebted crisis after the French Indian War. His outrage led him to become the passionate leader of the Sons of Liberty in New Haven, building up his anger towards the British stranglehold placed upon t he Colonies. Arnold, however, was not the only one with growing hatred towards the British. http://media.giantbomb.com/uploads/4/48363/1108061-sons_of_liberty_poster_p228640904795152089trma_400_super.jpg In the middle of the 1700s, Britain began to impose several acts, taxes, and laws that paralyzed the progression of the Colonies. For example, in 1764, Britain imposed the Sugar Act, which increased the duties on non-British goods being traded with the Colonies. Later, in 1765, Britain passed the Quartering Act which forced the Colonies to supply and provide barracks for British troops. The last of the three initial Acts in the 1760s was the Stamp Act of 1765. The Stamp Act was the first direct taxation of the citizens of the Colonies, taxing all paper goods such as newspapers, pamphlets, and even playing cards. As a way of rebelling against the British oppression, the Stamp Act Congress was convened. The Stamp Act Congress passed a Declaration of Rights and Grievances, which claimed that American colonists were equal to all other British citizens, protested taxation without representation, and stated that, without colonial representation in Parliament, Parliament could not tax colon ists. In addition, the colonists increased their non-importation efforts (Morris). In the big scheme of things, this was just the beginning of tensions between the Colonies and Britain in the events before the Revolution. The tumult regarding the impositions put in place by the British initiated a power struggle within the colonies. Britain was consistently attempting to stamp out the flame that the Colonists were trying to start. Although the Brits repealed the Stamp Act in 1766, they fired right back by passing the Declaratory Act. This Act stated that the British government could establish laws in the colonies in all cases whatsoever (Morris). This squashed the Americans slogan of no taxation without representation. The first real call for revolution came in the form of Samuel Adams, who issued his Massachusetts Circular Letter which attacked Parliaments audacity to tax them at free will. Adams called for a unified revolt within all the colonies, which raised the question of, Can we really do this?. That question was answered by Thomas Paine, who wrote his famous pamphlet, Common Sense, to stimulate thought within the American population. Paine wrote in a manner that was well understood by all peop le, making his writings very successful. Paine said that it was only logical for the colonists to rebel, which caused many neutral thinkers to choose sides. This, however, only highlighted the schism between the American people. Commonsense.jpg An indicator of how tensions were breaking in this era is shown in the Boston Massacre of 1770. The arrival of British troops in Boston marked the beginning of conflict between soldiers and citizens. A group of three British soldiers were surrounded by an angry Bostonian crowd, which inexplicably caused the soldiers to fire randomly into the crown, killing three and wounding two more (Morris). Crispus Attucks, one of the casualties in the Massacre, was said to be The first death of the Revolution, as he lay mercilessly slain on the cold ground. Later, in 1773, Parliament instituted the Tea Act, considered to be the last revolutionary spark in Boston. It was a last ditch attempt to save the East India Company, forcing colonists to buy British tea with the Townshend taxes still in place. The colonists saw this as a direct attempt to undercut the revenue of local merchants. As reaction to this Act, the famous Boston Tea Party resulted in men dressed up as Indians and dumping all tea into the harbor. Tensions had reached their breaking point, and it was time for organized revolution. It is out of this revolution that gave rise to one of the greatest generals in American history, one that would rival Patton, Washington, and Eisenhower. However, his name is more despised than it is revered, but his impact in nonetheless undeniable. Benedict Arnold: American General With his livelihood significantly impaired by the British involvement imposed in the colonies, Benedict Arnold devoted himself to the resistance of British tyranny. As tensions with London increased, Arnold increasingly became interested in military matters and was elected a captain in the Connecticut militia in March 1775 (Hickman). When word was spread about the first shots being fired in the Revolution at Lexington and Concord, Benedict jumped at the chance to ruin the British. Arnold assembled his 60 troops in the college green, and decided to have them march north to partake in the Siege of Boston. Fort Ticonderoga As Arnold approached Boston from the south, he proposed an aggressive siege upon Fort Ticonderoga in New York to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety. He was commissioned as a colonel to lead the mission. He soon found out, however, that Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain Boys were set to accomplish the same task. When Arnold and Allen met up, they clashed and battled for the right to control the siege. In the end, cooler heads prevailed, and The Green Mountain Boys fought with Arnolds men in a convincing takeover of Fort Ticonderoga under the joint command of Allen and Arnold. The battle itself took about a total of ten minutes, as the American revolutionaries attacked the fort at 3:00 AM, catching the guards totally off guard. After the siege, Allens men decided to have a party by plundering the fort. Arnold was far from amused, and reported to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety, There is here at present 100 men, who are in the greatest confusion and anarchy, destroying and plu ndering private property, committing every enormity, and paying no attention to public service (Sheinkin). Arnolds hatred of stagnation and inactivity made him want more. He had control of the southern portion of Lake Champlain, but sought full control of the lake. A fort on the opposite bank of the lake, Fort St. Johns, had possession of the greatest warship on the lake, the George. Arnold selected his 30 best troops to join him as they sailed across the lake to seize control of Ft. St. Johns, their primary objective being the seizure of the George. They reached the opposite bank on May 18, and were able to secure control of the Fort and the George without firing a single shot (Sheinkin). Arnolds quick actions and bravery were evident from the get-go, and it was only uphill for him from then on. http://www.lcmm.org/images/img_education/img_outreaches/brassier_map.jpg Benedict Arnolds brash and bold manner was recognized quickly by Congress. In fact, they were scared. Arnolds lightning quick seizure of Fort St. Johns came as a shock to many. The Americans didnt even have an official army yet, and Arnold was eager for more action. Benedict was often characterized when he had too much free time as, restless, frustrated, and irritated (Martin). Fortunately, Arnold wasnt held idle for long, but not for the reason he hoped. He returned to see to his sickly wife, who died at the young age of 30. Quebec The Continental Army had officially been formed, but Arnolds return home saw him catch severe symptoms of gout. After his brief term of absence, he returned to Cambridge to meet with George Washington. Their plan was to invade Quebec, and Arnold was to be Washingtons right-hand man. Arnold pitched the idea that he would approach Quebec from an uncharted and treacherous route through the dense forest of Maine. Arnold hand chose 1000 men to aid him on his perilous journey to seize Quebec. Arnold brought along Jacataqua, a friend of young Aaron Burr. She knew the areas around the Kennebec River, and proved to be a crucial asset to their journey. The terrain they encountered was characterized by dense, wooded areas with swampy grounds, making traversing them next to impossible. Almost one quarter of the troops eventually turned around and headed back. Conditions of survival were rough also, as many of the boats leaked, which in turn spoiled the food and gunpowder aboard. Once the group f inally reached the St. Lawrence River, only 600 of the 1050 initial troops remained. They had travelled almost 400 miles through uncharted territory and were relatively unarmed. The Battle of Quebec began, however, despite the damage cause to Arnold and his troops. Arnold met up with Major General Richard Montgomery and united their meager forces against the fortified city of Quebec (Hickman). The Americans saw a crushing defeat on December 30, and December 31 at the hands of the British and their reinforcements, almost putting Arnolds perilous journey in vain. Arnold was severely wounded in his leg and along with the death of Gen. Montgomery, the Americans were left with poor spirits. File:American attack on Quebec.svg Question of Character Benedict Arnold was promoted to Brigadier General and commanded the retreat south from Montreal in 1776. After a strong defense at Fort Ticonderoga, Arnolds bravery remained intact, but the trust and support of his troops did not. Some of his officers often called him cocky and even arrogant. Benedict saw many of his troops question his tactics and thought he was overly aggressive. Arnold was, in fact, falsely accused to have stolen war supplies so that he could be replaced. Fellow General, Horatio Gates, saw that Benedicts tight following to the rules and guidelines of war were too great for him to have stolen supplies. The court found him guilty, but Gates blocked this potential decision. Benedict had the right to feel angry over the his treatment by the other men (Benedict Arnold). It was occurrences such as these where he was mistreated that contributed to him eventually switching sides in the war. Much to Arnolds relief, he was sent back to Rhode Island to report to George Washi ngton in order to rearrange defenses in response to the British occupation of Rhode Island. Arnolds Frustration Arnolds first feelings of discontent with his treatment by Congress and his peers were evident as he was consistently passed up to be promoted to Major General. His peers, who were also inferior officers, generated rumors about him that permanently damaged his reputation. Arnold had evident jealousies also, which were seen as weak because such a minute outside interference could affect him on the inside. Virtue is a key concept in the Revolution, and Congress repeatedly insulted Arnolds virtue (Martin). Arnold twice withdrew from the army with the firm belief that his honor and hard work were not being recognized. Benedict was deeply unhappy with his treatment, and it wouldnt get much better. Redemption at Saratoga Commander Philip Schuyler was the man who convinced Arnold to stay in the Continental Army. He saw Arnold as someone who could provide a spark in the Northern Army, a unit with some disunion and lack of firepower. He was dispatched with some 900 men to relieve the siege at Fort Stanwix (Henretta). This siege was almost too easy for Arnold, who was surprised to return to find out it was now Horatio Gates who was in command. Gates, who is defined as a generally defensive commander, would not gel well with his polar opposite in terms of military mindset, Benedict Arnold. As General Burgoynes army moved south, Arnold sought aggressive attack on the vulnerable Brits. Gates, however, was reluctant, and held his men back. At the pivotal Battle of Bemis Heights on October 7, 1777, Arnold defied Gates authority and took command of a group of American soldiers whom he led in an assault against the British line. Arnolds attack threw the enemy into disarray and contributed greatly to the America n victory. Ten days later, Burgoyne surrendered his entire army at Saratoga (Benedict Arnold). Arnolds brave and risky actions actually saw himself relieved from Gates command. This, however, is just an example of how inferior minds were above Arnold in caste system of the Continental Army. The Battle of Saratoga is often considered to be the turning point in the war, and without Benedict Arnold, it all couldve gone in a disastrous direction. https://bmshistory7p8.wikispaces.com/file/view/fauvel-the-surrender-of-general-john-burgoyne-at-the-battle-of-saratoga-7th-october-1777.jpg/198767254/fauvel-the-surrender-of-general-john-burgoyne-at-the-battle-of-saratoga-7th-october-1777.jpg After the battle of Saratoga, a great momentum shift was recognized throughout the world. France decided they might finally have a chance to be part of a victory in a war, so they took up the prospect of joining the rebel campaign. The Continental Army was having a hard time matching man for man the numbers that the British had. If not for the British having to travel a vast ocean to re-supply and send troops, the results could have shifted in their favor. Benedicts Demons What may have been the final straw for Benedict Arnold was when Horatio Gates peevishly took all credit for the defeat of mighty Burgoynes troops. At the time, Arnold was bedridden in an Albany hospital due to a near fatal wound to the same leg wounded in the Battle of Quebec. Bedridden and helpless, Benedict Arnold gnashed his teeth at the distressing thought of Granny Gates receiving honors won by the blood and grit of better men (Creighton). Arnold then was forced to reassess his sacrifices and his rewards. The more he thought, the more bitter he grew. Describing his situation in the hospital, a firsthand account of a hospital worker said, Poison may have stopped oozing from his leg, but his heart remained full of rancor. Arnold wrote about his frustration with the American cause, he believed the patriots to be worse off than at the beginning of the war. Popular support for the Revolution was waning, and many saw loved ones lost. Much of his anger also focused on civilians in Cong ress who shorted supplies for the military and failed to acknowledge the contributions made by fighting patriots. How can Congress allow this army to starve in a land of plenty? he penned. The Turning Point George Washington, who still had bountiful faith in Arnold, told the permanently crippled Benedict that he was to protect the recently seized Philadelphia. Benedict even partook in the first recorded Oath of Allegiance, ironically, which shows ones loyalty to the United States (Sheinkin). Once in command of Philadelphia, Arnold began to envelop himself in questionable business deals in order to regain his previous financial losses suffered during much of the Revolutionary War. Basically, Benedict used his position as Military Commander to profit from war-related supply movements. Many people in the city recognized his sketchy behavior, and many began to accumulate significant evidence against him. Arnold learned to live extravagantly in Philadelphia, which despite its recent change in occupants, remained to have Tory influences (Henretta). These influences are known to have helped convince Benedict to switch sides. On top of all his newfound wealth and stature, Benedict re-married a woman by the name of Peggy Shippen, daughter of judge Edward Shippen, a notorious advocate of the loyalist cause. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Peggy_Shippen_and_daughter.jpg/220px-Peggy_Shippen_and_daughter.jpg Arnold would eventually be tried by a court-martial on two accounts of illegal activity as Military Commander in Philadelphia. Eventually, the judge reached a verdict that he should be reprimanded by the commander-in-chief. Washington saw Arnold as being used as a scapegoat and as a victim or persecution. George Washington pushed the matter aside, instead granting Arnold complete control over the seizure of West Point. Washington was oblivious to Arnolds sense of unhappiness, and now is the time when Benedict jumps ship. Espionage Arnold grew tired of the American stagnation; he had seen the cost at which freedom comes. Arnold saw the atrocities that followed the rough winter at Valley Forge, where soldiers were reduced to eating shoe leather outside of British occupied Philadelphia. The only question in his mind was, Does the end really justify the means? Arnolds disgust towards the American causes reached its boiling point at the time of French intervention in the war. Arnold had grown to despise the French, ever since his early days of contributing in the French Indian War. He had been affected by the Tory influence that resided in Philadelphia, which played a crucial role in his change of mindset. Benedict Arnold was said to have first reached out to the enemy in May of 1779. Major John Andre, a British officer, acted as a courier between Arnold and Sir Henry Clinton. It was through Andre that the two men delivered secret encrypted messages regarding the possibility of a tradeoff. Benedict Arnold was in a particular position that would allow him to give the British what they had wanted since the beginning of the Revolutionary War: the Hudson River (Hickman). In exchange, Arnold was to receive around three million US dollars (in todays currency). Another influence in Arnolds decision was his new wife. Peggy Shippen proved to have been a close friend of Andres, and is credited with having set up the whole communication system.http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_mafy5aVDpp1rtn3ufo1_400.jpg Arnold resigned his post as Military Commander of Philadelphia, and gained total control of West Point on August 3, 1780. On August 15, Arnold received an encrypted letter from General Clinton, which included his final offer of  £20,000. In return, Arnold sent his acceptance of the offer and inside information regarding French reinforcements and the movements of Washingtons troops. Arnold became more and more comfortable at West Point, and systematically weakened his defenses in order to let his scheme flow better. The goal was for a siege without a single bullet. Arnold drained West Point of supplies to the point that his subordinates thought he was crazy. An eventual meeting was scheduled between Andre and Arnold to meet face to face on September 21. The HMS Vulture, the ship meant to carry Andre back to New York, was fired upon, causing it to retreat back down the Hudson River. Andre, as a result, had to return to New York on foot. He was given instructions and maps to wiggle hi s way through enemy lines, but he was eventually caught two days later with Arnolds documents in place. George Washington was said to have been calm at the time he found out, but one thing was on his mind. Washington knew that they had to destroy this guy top, bottom, and sideways and forever associate him with treason (Martin). There was nothing Washington wanted more than Arnold at his feet, begging for his mercy. Washington negotiated with the British, hoping to get an exchange for the captured Andre. To no avail, Andre was hanged October 2, 1780 on account of being a spy. The New Arnold Theres an old saying Ive always known, and it says: No one likes a traitor, even if hes your traitor. And this couldnt have been more evident than the case of Benedict Arnold. He was never trusted by the British, whether it was on the battlefield, or just in general. He was never promoted above the rank of Brigadier, and he was never handed any major military operations under the Crown. Until the eventual fall of Cornwallis at Yorktown, Arnold was never considered to be a major factor in the British scheme of the Revolutionary War. George Washington ordered his immediate hanging should he be caught. All Americans knew about his becoming a traitor; his name was wiped from all military records and was essentially deleted from the very country that revered him as a Revolutionary hero. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/WestPoint1780.jpg/220px-WestPoint1780.jpg Arnold, however never lost his military touch. He acted as an advisor in the British Army, and begged that Cornwallis flee Yorktown in favor of a landlocked base instead of one bound by land and sea. This, however, lead to the eminent downfall of the British Army. They were surrounded by the French Navy by sea, and the Continental Army by land. This lead to the surrender at Yorktown on October 19, 1781. Legacy Arnolds legacy is best represented by Benjamin Franklins quote, Judas sold only one man, Arnold sold three million. Biographers over the times have characterized him as a demonic and miserable figure. Some have even told stories about how he entered the world as the antichrist. Benedict Arnolds military gains shouldnt be overlooked, however. His impact on the Revolutionary War goes without saying, albeit both positive and negative. He played the most significant role in the turning point of the war, along with being one of the bravest and most intelligent military leaders of all time. Unfortunately, in the end, his negatives greatly outweigh his positives. His legacy has been so tarnished, that a memorial commemorating his honor and valor cannot show his face. Instead, it shows his leg, commemorating the Battle of Saratoga and all he did for his nation that day. It reads, In memory of the most brilliant soldier of the Continental army, who was desperately wounded on this spot, winnin g for his countrymen the decisive battle of the American Revolution, and for himself the rank of Major General. He deserted the country that had learned to embrace him. He deserted the country that turned out to be the greatest country to ever exist. And he deserted those who believed in him, like his brothers on the battlefield and his children back home. Benedict Arnold was the first traitor in the history of the United States of America, and hopefully there will be no more. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/JeffersonDavisBenedictArnoldTreasonCartoon1865.jpg/240px-JeffersonDavisBenedictArnoldTreasonCartoon1865.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Arnold-boot.jpg/220px-Arnold-boot.jpg Significance Words cannot describe the significance of Benedict Arnolds impact on the United States of America. You could ask the majority of the people in the country, and the very thought of him will make some people gag. How someone could rise to the prowess of being a Revolutionary hero to the pit of being the most despised man in American history is beyond me. On the positive side of his significance, Arnold exemplifies all characteristics of being a great General. Whether its his bravery to throw himself and others into a situation with confidence shows his great ability as a military mind. Without the confidence to throw yourself into desperate situations, how could you possibly win over the respect and confidence of your men? His military mind is unmatched in regards to other Generals of the Continental Army. George Washington is revered in the United States as the Golden Boy. In hindsight, he was nothing more than an average military leader. Washington overshadows Arnold all because of Arnolds inability to stay true to the Revolutionary cause. Lastly, Arnold wasnt afraid to stand up for what he believed in. Arnold had an ability to actively express his opinions, which most of the time were right. Even in the time he was down and out on himself, he attempted to help the cause by expressing his knowledgeable opinion, one thing many peopl e dont have the ability to do. Arnolds contributions for the construction of the United States shouldnt be overlooked because what he actually did was truly astounding. On the negative side, Arnold is significant because he is, quite clearly, one of the most hated men in American history. He is an example for all people in the world, not just the United States, as to what exactly you DO NOT want to be. Arnold shows the world why you shouldnt turn your back on your country, it tarnishes your name forever, and you will never have the chance to amend for your mistakes. Not one person should aspire to turn on your country; it makes you seem to be a coward and spineless. Arnold is also significant because it shows us how we must respect and treat our military with the utmost concern and respect. Albeit Arnold was frequently outspoken and a diva, he recognized early on that the early Unites States didnt properly recognize all of its prized military officers. In the end, Arnolds reasoning for deserting the United States doesnt justify him doing it. Although he wasnt respected as the military genius he knew he was, Arnold was too easily tempted by money and by concrete things. His temptation for money and greed overshadowed the love and respect for his country that all men and women alike should have. Not just in the United States, but in all other corners of the Globe as well. What-Ifs What-If #1: What if Benedict Arnold hadnt changed sides? Had Benedict Arnold not changed sides, he most certainly would have been revered up in the same ranks as George Washington. Washingtons accomplishments are incredible, no doubt, but Arnolds are a close rival. The impact Arnold played during the war was something most people probably dont know. You could ask someone about Arnold, and they would probably call him a traitor because he gave Britain information. Little do most people know is that he was in many opinions the greatest General of the Revolutionary War. If you look at how he climbed in the ranks of the Continental Army, you would see him go from just the Commander of his local militia into a Major General in the span of about three years. In todays military, that is something that takes years, decades even. Had Arnold remained true to the United States, he would be revered as a hero, and up in the ranks with the likes of Franklin, Jefferson, Hancock, John Adams, Sam Adams, and Alexander Hamilton. He would be attributed with h elping build this country not through speech or on a piece of paper like most of the Founding Fathers, but through his bravery and active duty in the Revolutionary War. Had he remained true to the United States, there would be memorials in his honor. For example, the one at Saratoga wouldnt be just an unspecified leg; it could be of him standing on a hill symbolizing his complete domination of the most crucial battle during the Revolutionary War. It could have been Arnold who would have strategized the defeat of the British at Yorktown, that would surely make him an American hero, wouldnt it? Its sad to see such a great General fall from fame in the manner of which Arnold did. He couldve become the most iconic spectacle in all of American history. If only he couldve had the vision that Washington had for this country, or Jefferson, for that matter, he quite literally could have been great. What-If #2: What if Arnolds scheme had worked? Had Arnolds plan of giving up West Point to the British worked, it could have completely changed the outcome of the war. West point was considered to be so valuable due to its prime location, right on the Hudson River. West Point was the most wanted object by the British. They saw West Point as a crucial port where they could control what went in and what came out. The spot was hand selected by Washington because of its great natural fortifications and geographic spot. Had the British succeeded in their attempt to capture West Point, momentum could have greatly shifted in their favor. Americans would be disappointed and low on morale because one of their own had plotted their downfall, and the British could have capitalized by crushing the demoralized Continental Army. To this day, we could be under British control, having our daily tea and crumpets along with having a monarchial body in our government (Weird to think about, huh?). This is why it was so important that Arnold was caug ht, however. That very moment in our history could have very well dictated the very outcome of the war. If not for Arnolds plan being foiled, The United States of America may not exist. Talk about something that would not only impact us, but